Education Geopolitics Highlight Post Hindus Leadership USA World

Swami Vivekananda Unpacked Dharma for Global Communities

‘Us’ versus ‘them’ is passé. The great Bharatiya sage unveiled vedic vision of entire humanity being part of the wholesome ‘Supreme’. Dr Aniruddh Subhedar Very few people know that “Juggernaut” is derived from Sanskrit word “Jagannath,” most revered Hindu god literally meaning “Lord of the world”. In early 19th century, Christian missionaries spread malicious propaganda that during popular Rath Yatra of Bhagwan Jagannath, a huge chariot crushed devotees under its wheels. Many influential people in England including William Wilberforce who is admired in Western world for his advocacy to abolish slave trade demanded an end to the so-called devilish practices. Over the years, western world got enlightened about Jagannath Rath Yatra. But, even today, English word “Juggernaut” is seen as a destructive, unstoppable force serving as living testimony to the smear campaign against Bharat’s culture and Hindu dharma. Truth behind this one word illustrates the hostile world in which Swami Vivekananda had to work at a time when Hindus were considered savages, their philosophy and traditions viewed as devilish. Amidst these hostile forces, Swami Vivekananda hoisted the banner of Bharat’s spiritualism to Western world and emerged victorious. Throughout her history, Bharat produced great sages and scholars, each one greater than the other. But, in modern times, Swami Vivekananda is seen as harbinger of sanskritik (cultural) and adhyatmik (spiritual) revolution in India. He was the pioneering monk who understood the need to spread sublime and profound philosophy of Advaita Vedanta throughout the world. Global awakening to Yoga and Vedanta is fruition of Swamiji’s pioneering efforts. World’s Parliament of Religions World Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in September 1893 can be termed the first organized interfaith gathering internationally. Swami Vivekananda participated in this parliament which was held during September 11 – 27, 1893. From his first rendition on September 11 which opened with touching lines “Brothers and Sisters of America,” up to his address at the final session on September 27, Swamiji addressed the parliament six times. Each of these speeches focused on Bharatiya philosophy, universal brotherhood and need for global unity. Swamiji not only expounded on the philosophy of Vedanta but amplified teachings of Lord Buddha and their intricate relationship to Sanatan Dharma. While he criticized evangelical activities of Christian missionaries, he stressed the need for every individual to walk the path of self-realization. Quoting Lord Krishna’s words from Bhagavad Gita: “ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम्। मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्या: पार्थ सर्वश:।।” (O Arjuna! In whatsoever form one seeks Me, I reach him in that form, for all mankind is but following the paths I laid down for them.) Swami Vivekananda told the world that the path to reach Supreme Being is not and cannot be monopolized by one religion. It is open to every honest seeker. Bharat’s Soul Unveiled Swamiji’s words were not just verbose discourse on philosophy for armchair intellectuals, nor were they a recounting of Bharat’s long-lost past. Rather, what Swamiji presented to the world was Bharat’s very soul. When Swamiji said, “I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites… I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation,” he was not merely recounting Bharat’s glorious past but presenting reality of Bharat that was rooted in spirituality even during most testing times of colonial oppression. This legacy continues today when Iran, the original land of Zoroastrians is suffering religious fanaticism, riots and theocracy. Zoroastrianism continues to flourish in India. It is this soul of Bharat that prompted Indian Government to offer citizenship to persecuted religious minorities in its neighbouring countries through Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. Arguments and conspiracy theories floated against the all-inclusive act was from those that did not realize Bharat’s Soul. Swami Vivekananda and World Peace Swami Vivekananda’s work had lasting impact not only on people of Bharat but global communities. His teachings led to setting up Vedanta societies across United States that continue to thrive even today. Vedanta Society of New York and that of Northern California, San Francisco were centres established by Swami Vivekananda. Today, the world going through conflicts and wars may have missed an enlightened soul like Vivekananda. We see racial crimes, bigotry, wars and persecution. Religious fanaticism is raising its head in the form of Khalistani terrorism. The land of Bengal (both Bangladesh and West Bengal) has descended into religious persecution and chaos as it has strayed from the path shown by Swami Vivekananda. At the World’s Parliament of Religions, Swami Vivekananda said: “Sectarianism, bigotry and its horrible descendant fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with violence, drenched it often and often with human blood, destroyed civilization and sent whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advanced than it is now”. These words of Swamiji are more relevant today than ever. For long, organizations like United Nations have attempted at maintaining global peace. But, the world tends to lapse into chaos and violence periodically. Limited success is seen by UN as its efforts are mainly aimed at political level. What Swamiji preached was the path of emancipation of every soul where every individual strives for self-realization. September 11, when Swami Vivekananda delivered his speech at World’s Parliament of Religions, is commemorated by his disciples and admirers as ‘Vishwa Vijay Diwas’ (the day when he conquered the world). But this conquering is not a dystopian dream of military victory and subjugation; it is a victory through message of peace. For those harbouring malice, the “Lord of the World” (Jagannath) becomes a “destructive force.” But for noble minds nurtured by Swamiji, even “conquering” loses its bloodshed and becomes an exercise in love and mutual respect. To a world that knew only the logic of “us vs. them,” Swami Vivekananda introduced the idea of “आत्मवत् सर्वभूतेषु”. It signifies all living entities as part of one’s self. It’s time the world revisits

Business Leadership

642

Growing Clout, Footprint

Bharat’s businesses have come off age, taken over several global brands, top line corporates lock, stock, barrel or partnered in US, UK & Europe K.A.Badarinath Two large deals sealed in just one week speak volumes about Indian corporates verve, gut and appetite for going global. Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) and Walt Disney tango in Bharat’s media, television and entertainment industry is not limited to creation of US $ 8.5 billion behemoth. It opens up a zillion opportunities for Indian companies, vendors and challenges competition to surpass this milestone. This joint venture also marks Bharat’s film-makers, entertainment and media firms going global hand in hand with best in the industry. Asia’s richest businessman Mukesh Ambani and his wife Nita Ambani being hands on RIL – Walt Disney gives a spicy twist to the deal. Going forward, the joint venture model can work well and logically in global territories and it throws up an opportunity for Reliance – Disney – Century Fox to become a formidable player in media and entertainment sectors internationally. Another home grown billionaire from The Punjab, Sunil Bharti Mittal sent tongues wagging when Bharti Airtel group heralded by him emerged biggest stakeholder in the British iconic telecom services provider, British Telecom. Buying out the Israeli magnate Patrick Drahi led Altice group’s entire stake and cornering 24.5 per cent in British Telecom for US $ 4 billion is the icing on cake for Sunil Bharti Mittal whose Bharti group provides telecom services in 17 countries. In the process, Mittal has emerged largest stakeholder in British Telecom, hitherto the public telecom services provider. What would have been more satisfying for Sunil Bharti Mittal is that life has come full circle. Before 2010, British Telecom held over 21.5 per cent stake in Mittal’s then fledgling Bharti Airtel. This deal not only provides high-stakes branding push but allows Bharti Airtel access to United Kingdom’s 5G technologies, artificial intelligence networks and cutting edge technologies. Deutsche Telecom and T-Mobile Holdings with 12 per cent each are the two other large owners of British Telecom. Strategic insights in telecom, media and corporate markets in United Kingdom and Europe are something Sunil Bharti Mittal should look forward to being at head table of British Telecom. Bharti is not the first Indian company to go shopping in United Kingdom, US or Europe for iconic companies and brands that were seen as value enhancing prepositions. Most talked British brand and company acquired was Jaguar Land Rover by Tata group that was once mocked at for having produced the smallest and modest ‘Nano’ car. Uptight United Kingdom honchos could hardly come to terms with being led by a coloured team of Tata professionals to turn around the JLR that was once seen as a drain on the company and Britain was struggling to save the automobile brand. When Ratan Tata, easily the most celebrated businessman walked into the boardroom of Ford on March 26, 2008 to acquire JLR business at US $ 2.3 billion, disbelief and disconnect confounded top leadership team of British company. In 15-years, the group has turned around JLR into a kicking Bharat – British brand that’s hard to compete with. Tata group was labelled audacious when it took Corus Steel in $ 12 billion bid around the same time to emerge UK – Europe’s one of the largest players in steel market. While this was happening, Reliance bought out one of the oldest and most recognized British toy company Hamleys with 259-years corporate history and British battery technology company, Faradion made global industry sit up to the onset of Indian buyers. Reliance acquisitions were relatively more modest, around the same time, Kumarmangalam Birla, yet another Indian billionaire had set eyes on Atlanta-based Aluminium major Novelis and acquired it in 2007 for a whopping US $ six billion. This catapulted the Aditya Birla group into fortune 500 companies list. After initial rush of half a dozen big ticket takeovers about 15-years back, scores of global brands and businesses came the Indian way or partnered to stay afloat. The list seems quite a long one and this phenomenon is across sectors. Several of them were risky investments and the familial story of turnaround for many Western companies was scripted by Indian businesses that stayed nimble footed for quite some time. For instance, none would have imagined that fourth Indian billionaire Anand Mahindra owned diversified group, Mahindra and Mahindra pumped life into BSA Motorcycles that stopped production about five decades ago. Birmingham Small Arms Company founded way back in 1861 known for producing motorcycles after Mahindra and Mahindra took over this defunct brand in 2022. As per Grant Thornton research, Indians own about 964 companies in UK alone as of last year if one were to go by a Reuters despatch earlier this month. It may not be an overstatement, to say that Bharat’s businesses have arrived. (Author is Director & Chief Executive of Centre for Integrated and Holistic Research based in New Delhi)

Education Hindus Leadership Policy

684

Bharat, force for Strength & Stability

In 78-years post-British imperialistic occupation, Bharat is on way to become ‘Vishwa Guru’ and pursuer of ‘Vishwa Maitri’ in right earnest. K.A.Badarinath Bharat is celebrating her seventy eighth independence day after having fought imperialist British occupation and monarchy. Before the ignominious exit of 1947, Britain has had for decades looted Bharat’s wealth, resources and hit at her backbone by Anglicizing the country’s millennial education system. The indomitable spirit, valour and strong civilizational connect based on ‘Sanatan Dharma’ could not be dented even after decades of inhuman rule that pushed Bharat into poverty owing to continued laundering and misrule of British imperialists. Post-1947, Bharat moved on its own with twists and turns in its socio-economic paradigm. What kept the Hindustan together last 78 years was the determination of this 1.4 billion people to regain its place as ‘guiding light’ in the comity of nations. Most Indians – be it Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Muslims or Christians – get nostalgic and wee-bit emotional while celebrating the Independence Day. It was a struggle that none globally would easily forget as British rule was marked by White supremacist mindset laced with monarchial expansionism and human subordination and slavery of inhuman variety. Then on, Bharat re-discovered herself on all fronts. It’s her day today and centuries to follow as it moves methodically to become a developed country by 2047 that also marks 100 years of independence from British tyranny. Bharat’s rise as an economic powerhouse and her march to become third largest economy in two – three years with $ 5 trillion spread is something that did not come easily given the hard work of her farmers, services professionals, industry and exporters. It’s only a matter of time when Bharat would challenge US and China from their coveted positions. None can be scared or distraught with Bharat’s rise given her standing that strives continuously for peace, tranquility and harmonious living sans conflict, violence and expansionism of any hue or shade. Going by Bharat’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi speech on Independence Day from ramparts of the historic Red Fort, New Delhi will play a stabilizing role in the world marred by conflicts between Russia – Ukraine, Israel – Hamas and the coup of sorts in Bangladesh. Strength and determination is what Prime Minister Modi emphasized upon to tackle global challenges. Bharat being at the ‘High Table’ in international affairs would only bring sanity to deliberations and negotiations at strategic level or economic management. Even in tackling new challenges, Bharat has shown the way. After having been party to Paris agreement on cutting carbon footprint and shifting to environment friendly economic structures, Bharat is the only country that has met all climate targets among G-20. Notwithstanding her energy consumption demands, shift to green options rapidly towards ‘net zero’ voluntarily and leading by example is something Prime Minister Modi referred to in his speech on Thursday. His call for end to end chip designing for the world is an extension of Bharat’s huge strides made in industrial manufacturing including defence products, services across sectors and deft management of her economy. This will push up Bharat in global pecking order for modernizing her economy to meet international demand. Bharat’s list of ‘to do’ things seem endless if one were to look at reversing brain drain especially in key sectors like medical education. Adding 75,000 new medical colleges’ seats to 100,000 plus existing capacity is something that will help Indian youth and talent pursue their education here and cater to the world as professionals. Prime Minister Modi had clearly hinted that ‘overseas students should come to India for top class education’ and reverse prevailing outflow to foreign shores. Becoming global educational hub in five years may be a tough target to meet. But, its doable. These are transitioning times for Bharat to become ‘vishwa guru’ and pursuer of ‘vishwa maitri’. (Author is Director & Chief Executive of Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies based in New Delhi)

Hindus Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

951

RSS Initiative To Revive Family Bonding, Values

Dr. Shailendra Kumar Pathak In a rapidly evolving world, family structures and values are undergoing significant transformations. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a prominent socio-cultural organization in Bharat, has recognized the importance of preserving and revitalizing family values amidst the encroaching influences of Western lifestyles, consumerism, and woke culture. Through its Family Awakening Programme, the RSS aims to reconnect Bharatiya families with their cultural roots, drawing inspiration from ancient Hindu scriptures and multi millennia long civilizational experiences. In Bharatiya culture, the family has always been the cornerstone of societal structure. This belief is deeply rooted in Bharatiya spiritual worldview, where the family represents the initial step in the journey from “Me to We.” The traditional Bharatiya family, often extended and inclusive of multiple generations living under one roof, is rooted in values such as respect for elders, filial piety, communal harmony, and moral integrity. These values are not merely social constructs but are deeply embedded in the cultural and spiritual fabric of the nation. Family and its values are the key architects of shaping individuals’ personalities and moral compasses. They provide a framework for personal development, ethical behavior, and emotional stability. On a broader scale, strong family values contribute to societal cohesion, reducing crime rates and promoting social harmony and National progress . Studies have shown that children raised in families with strong value systems tend to exhibit higher levels of academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and resilience. The foreign invasions, intruder’s rule and the globalization wave have brought Western lifestyles into Bharatiya homes, often clashing with traditional values. While modernization and technological advancements have their merits, the uncritical adoption of Western lifestyles leads to a dilution of family bonds. Individualism, a hallmark of Western culture, often prioritizes personal goals over collective family interests, leading to fragmented family units. Consumerism, an integral element of western life style which is characterized by the relentless pursuit of material possessions, has significantly impacted family dynamics. The pressure to acquire and consume often diverts attention from familial relationships. Parents, engrossed in their careers to meet consumer demands, may inadvertently neglect their children’s emotional needs, leading to a lack of familial cohesion and support. The rising wave of Woke culture in pretext of social justice and political correctness, inclusiveness and equality has led to generational rifts within families. It is developing a common perception among new generations that Traditional values are outdated or regressive. This cultural shift is leading not only to conflicts between older and younger generations but blocking the intergenerational transmission of values and wisdom. Restoring family values and strong bonds is crucial in maintaining social stability and preventing the erosion of cultural and moral foundations. Families serve as the primary unit of socialization, instilling values, traditions, and a sense of belonging that strengthens individual identity and community cohesion. When family bonds are strong, individuals are less likely to seek meaning or identity in external influences such as religious conversion or the often polarizing narratives of woke culture. A solid family foundation provides emotional support, moral guidance, and a sense of purpose, which are essential in resisting trends that can lead to social fragmentation, individual isolation, and even national decline. By reinforcing these values, society can foster a more resilient and unified nation, capable of withstanding divisive influences. The RSS’s ‘Kutumb Prabodhan’ Initiative The RSS, inspired by Bharat’s glorious cultural heritage and ancient Hindu scriptures, has launched the Family Awakening Programme popularly known as ‘Kutumb Probodhan’ to revitalize the traditional Bharatiya family structure by reconnecting individuals with their cultural and spiritual roots. The ‘initiative was conceived by the RSS as part of its broader mission to strengthen the social fabric of Bharat. The RSS has always placed a strong emphasis on cultural nationalism and societal cohesion. The family is considered the most fundamental and important unit of Bharatiya society, and the RSS launched ‘Kutumb Prabodhan’ to reinforce family bonds and instill traditional values. The philosophy of ‘Kutumb Prabodhan’ is deeply rooted in Bharatiya cultural and spiritual traditions. It draws inspiration from ancient texts, teachings, and practices that emphasize the importance of family as the cornerstone of society. The concept of “Kutumb” (family) holds a significant place in Hindu culture and scriptures. It is seen not just as a social unit but as a foundation for spiritual and moral values. The RSS initiatives draw its inspirations from these scriptures and adopts a holistic approach to well-being, recognizing that family health is not just physical but also emotional, psychological, and spiritual. Key Initiatives and Activities The RSS Kutumb Prabodhan (Family Awakening) programme has seen notable success in fostering family values and unity across India. In Pune, a middle-class family, struggling with generational communication gaps, found renewed harmony after participating in the programme’s workshops. The sessions emphasized mutual respect and understanding, leading to improved relationships between the younger and older members. Similarly, in Lucknow, a family dealing with the pressures of modern life used the principles taught by Kutumb Prabodhan to prioritize quality time together, resulting in strengthened bonds and a more supportive home environment. In a rural village in Madhya Pradesh, the programme’s emphasis on cultural and moral values helped a family overcome internal conflicts, promoting peace and collaboration in their household. There several thousand similar family betterment success stories by the RSS’s initiatives. The RSS family awakening program’s holistic approach, combining education, community service, and spiritual guidance, has made a tangible impact on numerous families across Bharat. In a world where family structures and values are increasingly challenged by external forces, the RSS’s Family Awakening Programme stands as a beacon of hope. By reconnecting families with their cultural and spiritual heritage, the RSS aims to restore the sanctity of the family unit and promote a more harmonious and fulfilling human existence. The teachings of ancient Bharatiya Hindu scriptures offer timeless wisdom that can guide families in nurturing values, fostering unity, and achieving collective well-being. As families across Bharat embrace these initiatives, the vision of a society rooted in strong family values and cultural pride

Bangladesh Hindus Human Rights Security

656

‘Drip-Drip Genocide’ of Religious Minorities in Pakistan

Arun Anand The movement for the creation of Pakistan out of the larger landmass of India was based on the (in)famous ‘two-nation theory’ that positioned Hindu and Muslim as two irreconcilable identities, and therefore, deserving separate homelands. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the struggle for Pakistan, envisaged it as a Muslim-majority homeland but one that housed and treated equally other minorities as well. However, since the early days of the establishment of the new country, the tone was set when it declared itself as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan under the 1956 constitution, barring non-Muslims from becoming President or Prime Minister. The partition of the Indian subcontinent had wreaked grotesquely inhuman carnage, killing between 1 million to 2 million people and uprooting around 15 million people on both sides of the border. Ever since then the religious minorities in Pakistan such as Hindus, Christians, and Sikhs continued to face existential threats, shrinking demographically and politically. The onslaught confronted by religious minorities in Pakistan is reflected in the distressingly marginal increase in their population since the country conducted its first census in 1951. Religious minorities, which constituted only 3.12% of West Pakistan’s total population in 1951, could only grow to 3.72% by 1998. This 1998 census put the Hindu population in Pakistan at around 2 million, however, it was shown to increase to only 3.5 million in the 2017 census, that is, in almost 20 years. In fact, a comparison between the 2017 and 2023 census figures reveals that the Hindu share of the total population declined from 1.73% to 1.60%. The Christian population in the same period was also shown to have marginally risen from 1.27% to 1.59%. The Sikhs, despite their relentless demands, are not given a separate column for documentation, and are clubbed under the category of ‘others’. Nonetheless, the NADRA (National Database and Registration Authority) shows only 6,146 registered Sikhs in 2021, a gigantic downgrade from their numbers before the partition. In contrast, in India, Muslims, who are the largest minority group, registered a 4.4% increase, from 9.8% of the total population in 1951 to 14.2% in 2011. There are multiple reasons behind Pakistan’s pathetic demographic statistics. However, they can mostly be summed up in two factors- institutional discrimination and blatant impunity or even encouragement to radicalized social elements. Over the years, increased space to radical Islamist parties for political expediency or regional geopolitics has meant that the ‘Islam is in danger’ narrative that was employed to demand Pakistan has been sharpened to vilify ethnic, sectarian, and religious minorities. Attacks on minority places of worship have become routine, amid frequent reports of abductions, forced conversions, lynchings, and open calls for genocide. Among the nearly 4 million Hindus in Pakistan, around 90% live in the Sindh province. According to a report, it is estimated that around 1,000 Pakistani women and girls from religious minority groups between the ages of 12 and 25 are abducted, forcefully converted to Islam, and married to their abductors every year. This criminal practice, called a ‘human-rights catastrophe’ by the report, is most acute in the Sindh province, and although girls from all religious minorities are subjected to this brutality, it is most commonly enacted on Hindu girls. Around 20-25 Hindu girls are estimated to be kidnapped and converted in Sindh every month, which means that their already limited access to education, healthcare, and other public facilities is even more curtailed due to a prevalent fear of abduction. The police and judiciary often exempt the perpetrators who many times enjoy social influence and support for ‘scoring’ a conversion to Islam. Another major weapon that has been widely deployed in Pakistan to persecute minority groups has been the notorious blasphemy law. The blasphemy law, although in existence since colonial times when its purpose was to avert inter-religious conflict, was given an extremely harsh form under the military regime of General Zia-ul-Haq who is known for institutionalizing Islamization in Pakistan. The law has been weaponized to frivolously accuse persons from minority groups, most prominently Christians, spawning a culture of vigilantism, lynchings, glorification of perpetrators, and expulsion of persecuted people from the country. Prominent political figures such as the former governor of Punjab Salman Taseer and former Federal Minister for Minorites Shahbaz Bhatti have been assassinated for opposing the law, and judges who either convict vigilantes or acquit the falsely accused have to flee the country to save their lives. The pervasive misuse of the law is illustrated by the fact that since the 1920s till 1986, only 14 cases of blasphemy had been reported under the law, whereas at least 1,472 people have been charged under the same between 1987 and 2016. Even more disturbingly, at least 70 people have been reportedly murdered over blasphemy accusations since 1990, including the Sri Lankan Christian worker Priyantha Kumara. In addition to this, attacks on minority places of worship are frequent, however, those have never been tried under the blasphemy law in Pakistan. In August 2023, the fundamentalist group Tehreek-e-Labbaik reportedly led attacks in the Jaranwala area of Faisalabad in Punjab and ended up burning 21 churches and hundreds of Christian houses, over an allegation of blasphemy. A month prior to that, the 150-year-old Mari Mata temple of Karachi was destroyed and 2 days later, dacoits attacked a Sindh temple with rocket launchers. The Pakistani state has subjected its religious minorities to structural discrimination in every sphere. From vilifying them in school textbooks, underrepresenting or tokenizing them in government bodies, to systematically promoting their persecution through fundamentalist proxies, it has forced many people from the minorities to seek refuge out of the country. In the words of Pakistan’s former minister and media advisor to the President, Farahnaz Ispahani, the state has been enacting ‘drip-drip genocide’- a form of slow genocide- against its minorities, as it seeks to ‘purify’ Pakistan which literally translates to ‘the land of the pure’. (Author is a senior journalist & columnist. He has authored more than a dozen books)

Hindus Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

773

Balancing Tradition and Modernity: Explore RSS’s Swa Philosophy for Future Bharat

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a prominent Hindu centric movement in Bharat, has consistently championed the concept of “Swa” or self-reliance. This principle is a cornerstone of the RSS’s five-fold transformation agenda, emphasizing a self-sufficient and sovereign nation. The roots of this idea are deeply embedded in ancient Bharatiya wisdom and philosophy, which played a significant role during the Indian freedom struggle. Dr. Shailendra Kumar Pathak The concept of Swa, or self-reliance, is not new to Bharatiya thought. It finds its origins in ancient Hindu scriptures and philosophies, which emphasize the importance of self-sufficiency and inner strength. Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita all advocate for self-dependence and personal growth as a means to achieve higher state of being. In the realm of education, Swa emphasizes the importance of indigenous knowledge and learning systems that are rooted in Bharat’s rich cultural heritage. Traditionally, Bharatiya education was imparted through Gurukuls, where students received holistic education including Vedic scriptures, mathematics, science, philosophy, and arts. This system fostered self-discipline, ethical values, and a deep connection with nature and society. Reviving this model, modern initiatives have focused on integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary education. For instance, Gurukul system is being adapted to contemporary contexts, promoting a balanced education that nurtures intellectual, emotional, and spiritual growth. Philosophy of Swa in healthcare is reflected in the prominence on Ayurveda and other traditional healing practices. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, focuses on the balance between body, mind, and spirit. It advocates self-care and preventive measures through natural remedies, diet, and lifestyle adjustments. This approach aligns with the global shift towards holistic health and wellness. Institutions like All India Institute of Ayurveda are working towards integration of traditional practices with modern medical science, highlighting the relevance of Swa in promoting a comprehensive healthcare system. Agriculture in Bharat also embodies the principle of Swa, particularly through sustainable farming practices. Traditional Bharatiya agriculture emphasized harmony with nature, using techniques like crop rotation, organic farming, and water conservation. These practices are being revived to address modern challenges viz., soil degradation, water scarcity, and climate change. Movements like organic farming and natural farming, inspired by traditional knowledge, are gaining momentum, promoting food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer self-reliance. Idea of Swa is reflected in a large treasury of arts, crafts, and literature that are part of the Bharatiya knowledge system. Classical dance, music, and painting are examples of traditional art forms that represent the cultural identity and spiritual ethos of Bharat. These artistic endeavours are essential to the social and cultural fabric and go beyond simple modes of amusement. In order to keep these customs alive and relevant, organisations and cultural institutions are actively working to promote and maintain them. The significance of self-governance and community-driven development is implied by Swa in the context of governance and social organisation. Decentralised government, like the Panchayati Raj system, gives local groups the authority to manage resources and make decisions. This system promotes local accountability and participatory democracy by mirroring the age-old Bharatiya practice of village self-governance. Moreover, the principle of Swa in Bharatiya knowledge system extends to spiritual and philosophical realms. Bharatiya philosophy, particularly Vedanta, emphasizes self-realization and self-awareness as paths to ultimate truth. Teachings of sages like Adi Shankaracharya, Ramana Maharshi, and Swami Vivekananda focus on understanding the self and achieving inner peace and enlightenment. These teachings have universal appeal and continue to influence global thought on spirituality and human consciousness. RSS’s conception of Swa is largely based on these archaic writings and customs, which see self-reliance as a complex idea with elements of the social, cultural, spiritual, and economic spheres. It advances the notion that real independence and prosperity can only be attained by a country, just like by an individual. Swa and Bharatiya Freedom Struggle Concept of “Swa” (स्व), was crucial to India’s freedom movement emphasising self-determination, and self-governance. Deeply ingrained in Indian philosophy, the idea of “Swa” impacted numerous leaders and movements working to free India from British colonial rule. Mahatma Gandhi and Swaraj Swaraj: Literally meaning “self-rule,” this was one of Gandhi’s main points of contention. Gandhi saw Swaraj to be self-governance and self-sufficiency on a personal and communal level in addition to political independence. Swadeshi Movement: Gandhi used the word “Swa” directly when he called for an Indian industrial boycott and a boycott of British goods. He promoted the use of hand-spun khadi as a symbol of independence.Khadi & Village Industries: Traditional crafts and small-scale industries were to be revived as part of Gandhi’s vision of self-sufficient villages. This was viewed as a means of empowering nearby communities and achieving economic independence. Non-Cooperation Movement: This movement, which took place between 1920 and 1922, encouraged Indians to adopt self-reliance and disengage from British institutions in order to reject British control peacefully.Gangadhar Bal Tilak: “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it.” This well-known statement of Tilak emphasised Indians’ entitlement to self-governance. He was a fervent supporter of gaining independence by self-help and education. RSS’s Five-Fold Transformation Agenda RSS’s five-fold transformation agenda, known as Panchamukhi Vikas, aims at holistic national development. Swa, or self-reliance, is a key component of this agenda, which also includes the revitalization of education, health, economy, and spiritual and cultural values. Components of Panchamukhi Vikas (Five Faceted Development) Implementation of Swa The concept of “Swa” by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) emphasizes self-reliance, self-respect, and a commitment to cultural and social development rooted in indigenous values. This philosophy has been implemented through extensive work across various sectors in Bharat, leveraging statistics, examples, and case studies to illustrate its impact. In the realm of education, the RSS has promoted self-reliance by establishing numerous educational institutions through its inspired organizations like Vidya Bharati, which runs around 13,000 schools with over 3 million students enrolled. These schools focus on holistic development, integrating modern education with traditional Bharatiya values. A case study of Saraswati Shishu Mandir schools reveals a significant improvement in student performance and community involvement. These institutions not only emphasize academic excellence but also instill a

Hindus Human Rights

711

Akhand Bharat: Manifestation of Spiritual Nationalism

‘Indian Nationalism’ is quite different from European or the Western Nationalism. In this context, it is important to bust this myth propagated by the colonial and Marxist historians that the rise of nationalism in India was an outcome of British rule hence it needs to follow the paradigms set by ‘Western Nationalism.’ The trajectory of Western nationalism and Indian nationalism are altogether different. Arun Anand We have been talking about Akhand Bharat i.e. an undivided India since independence. Many people, especially the youth of today’s generation, consider this concept impractical. Those who oppose this concept often ask the question whether the formation of Akhand Bharat would mean that we will join Pakistan, Bangladesh and other neighbouring countries with present India as a geographical unit? Does the idea of Akhand Bharat include only the Indian subcontinent? Where do countries like Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, which have a deep influence of Hindu culture, find a place in the concept of Akhand Bharat? Will any other country be ready to give up its existence and merge into a unit to make Akhand Bharat a reality? Is it even possible? The answer to these questions can be given in one sentence – Akhand Bharat implies a continuous cultural flow whose root is spirituality, not materialism. Therefore, geography is secondary in the concept of Akhand Bharat. It is not necessary that all countries merge with each other. The eternal consciousness of Sanatan Dharma and Hindu culture has been the basis of the dharma-based life of societies and communities settled on a large part of the earth. With time, this consciousness based on eternal values got lost in many regions. Led Islamic preachers and Christian missionaries, countries were invaded, cultures were destroyed and massive conversions by force were carried out. Exploitation, racism and colonialism were the hall marks of these campaigns. In Bharat too, an attempt was made to eliminate this cultural consciousness from eight century AD onwards. Unfortunately, there was no course correction after independence. But the consciousness based on eternal values is basically spiritual in nature, so it was not possible to eliminate it. In India, with the efforts of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and many other spiritual, social and cultural organizations, there has been a re-emergence of the Bharatiya consciousness. This consciousness is still prevalent on a large part of the earth. When this consciousness emerges in a strong form in various other regions, the dream of Akhand Bharat will come true. Even if all countries are not named India or Bharat on the political map, wherever the values on which Bharatiya consciousness is based are re-established, all those territories and societies will be a part of ‘Akhand Bharat’. Indian vs Western Nationalism One of the key reasons that has led to this confusion over the concept of Akhand Bharat is the absence of understanding the Indian concept of nationalism. What ‘nationalism’ means for Indians is however vastly different from what ‘nationalism’ means for the West. The time has come for the West to look at Indian nationalism from an Indian lens and not through their own perspective which is deeply flawed because of the oppressive and colonial character of Western nationalism. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, Nationalism means “loyalty and devotion to a nation; a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.” The dictionary further mentions in an additional note, “intense nationalism leads to war”. Thus, nationalism, in the Western framework, is seen as an oppressive concept that leads to wars and conflicts. While the concept of ‘nationalism’ in Bharat or what we may call, ‘Hindu nationalism’ dates back to thousands of years, it is a very recent phenomenon in the West. The western concept of ‘Nationalism’ originated from the French Revolution in 1789. If you look at the map of mid-eighteenth-century Europe, you will find that there were no ‘nation-states’ as we know them today. What we know today as Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common culture. Often, they even spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups. The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included the Alpine regions — the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland — as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia. In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish. Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples – Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats to the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania. Such differences did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor. Noted historian David Sasson who earned his PhD under Eric Hobsbawm, one of the foremost authorities on Western nationalism, observed in his introduction to a collection of essays and lectures by Hobsbawm ‘On Nationalism’, “In Europe, nationalism was the product of the ‘dual revolutions’, the French Revolution and the British Industrial Revolution. Some, such as the historian Elie Kedourie (who defined nationalism as a political religion), suggested that the invention of nationalism could be traced back to German Enlightenment thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in response to Napoleon’s occupation of German territory.” John Hutchinson underlined the true character of Western nationalism in Nations and War as he wrote, “The ideology of nationalism, powerfully articulated in the French Revolution, emerged in late eighteenth-century

Leadership Policy Security

644

From Turmoil to Transformation: A Tale of J&K after 370

Dr. Preeti Sharma In a recent development, the United States issued a travel advisory, underscoring the grave security threats pervading select regions of India, including the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which was identified as a high-risk destination due to the specter of crime, civil unrest, and terrorism. India responded by characterizing this advisory as a routine practice among nations, thereby downplaying its significance. Notwithstanding this, the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir has made remarkable strides in its post-2019 journey, marked by the abrogation of its special status and reorganization into Union territories. This transformative shift has accelerated the region’s progress towards restoring peace and developmental activities, as borne out by official data indicating a significant decline in infiltration attempts. After decades of turmoil, Jammu and Kashmir is now experiencing an unprecedented era of growth, marked by improved administration, a secure environment, and an influx of tourists and investors. The substantial developments in socio-economic security, stability, and growth measures have transformed the scenario in Jammu and Kashmir, which now boasts a decline in recruitment into militancy and terror activities. As per the official records, till July 2024, J&K has completely done away with organised stone pelting and strikes, and despite a few incidents happened in last few months, there is a decline in terrorist initiated incidents, encounters, killings of security forces and civilians. The region has witnessed a remarkable voter turnout of 58.46% in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, the highest in 35 years, underscoring the public’s growing faith in the democratic process. The G20 meeting in Srinagar served as a testament to the UT’s gradual elevation in stability and global significance. Despite sporadic incidents of violence, the progress achieved in Jammu and Kashmir cannot be negated, as evidenced by the record tourist footfall of over one crore till June 2024. In consideration of the intermittent yet persistent reality of sporadic violence, it is imperative to acknowledge the transformative progress unfolding in the region, unobscured by the travel advisories issued by nations such as the United States, which serve as a standard precautionary measure. The remarkable strides made by Jammu and Kashmir are exemplified by the unprecedented tourist footfall of over one crore till June 2024, surpassing the previous year’s tally of two crores. This surge in tourism can be attributed to the significant improvements in law and order, coupled with the successful organization of various events, including the tourism conclave. Furthermore, Jammu and Kashmir has borne witness to a record number of scholars, academicians, journalists, and individuals from diverse backgrounds converging to engage in discourse on peace, nation-building, and institution-building, in addition to the myriad positive developments that have transpired in the aftermath of Article 370’s abrogation. These grand events, facilitated by the ‘South Asia Center for Peace and People’s Empowerment’ in collaboration with GDC Shopian, have been instrumental in revitalizing a locale that was once a hotbed of secessionist fervor and a bastion of intransigence, where the specter of anti-India sentiment once held sway, and constructive engagement was deemed anathema. In this erstwhile state, which was, until recently, a cauldron of insurrectionary zeal and a forbidden terrain for benevolent initiatives, a plethora of schemes and policies have been unveiled, inviting investments and promoting foreign investment in both small and large industrial sectors. The introduction of the new industrial policy in 2021 has been instrumental in catalyzing investments in Jammu and Kashmir, as evidenced by the record investment proposal of Rs 84,544 crores received in the industrial sector. The forward-looking investment policy of the UT has attracted large business groups, including Dubai’s Emaar Group, which has invested USD 60 million, thereby removing roadblocks and redefining politico-economic developments in the region. The burgeoning interest of domestic and foreign investors in vital sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing can be attributed to the lifting of restrictions, improved security conditions, and liberalized land policies, which have collectively shaped the state’s investment policy by attracting Foreign Direct Investment, a crucial catalyst in developing the state’s economic potential. The abrogation of Article 370 and afterwards lifting of restrictions marked a watershed moment for Jammu and Kashmir, heralding the dawn of a new era of economic liberation. The confluence of improved security conditions and liberalized land policies has precipitated a remarkable influx of Foreign Direct Investment, unshackling the region’s latent potential in agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Through a series of visionary initiatives and policy reforms, the government is painstakingly transforming Jammu and Kashmir into an investor-friendly haven. The judicious regulation of FDI will serve as a catalyst, elevating the state’s business environment, generating employment opportunities, and enticing further investment. As the region strives for unprecedented economic growth and development, FDI will assume a pivotal role. The possibilities are endless, and the future holds boundless promise, provided that forthcoming opportunities for growth are seized with alacrity and executed with unwavering efficiency. The horizon beckons, and the sky’s the limit, as Jammu and Kashmir embarks on an odyssey of unbridled progress and prosperity. These momentous developments serve as a testament to the remarkable headway achieved in cultivating an atmosphere of enduring peace, stability, and security for the citizens of Jammu and Kashmir. Furthermore, this auspicious trajectory shall persist in charting a course of unbridled progress, kindling a radiant beacon of democratic principles, and thereby ushering in an epoch of unparalleled advancement and felicity. Notwithstanding the remarkable socio-economic advancements witnessed in the region, the recent terrorist attacks constitute an incontrovertible reality, having surfaced in novel areas of Jammu, hitherto unscathed by the decades-long terrorist insurgency that has plagued Kashmir. These attacks possess far-reaching implications and underlying motivations, including the strategic recalibration of Pakistan-based terrorist groups in the aftermath of the revocation of Article 370. These groups have redirected their focus from the heavily fortified Kashmir Valley to the relatively vulnerable Jammu region, exploiting its vast and rugged terrain to infiltrate armed militants across the International Border (IB) and the Line of Control (LoC). These militants often assume the guise of civilians, procuring weapons from

Security

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Lessons from Kargil Ignited India’s Defense Revolution

Rahul Pawa Under PM Modi’s leadership, lessons from Kargil have driven significant reforms in military, intelligence, border security, and indigenous manufacturing, ensuring a more resilient and self-reliant India. In the summer of 1999, several high-altitude regions of Ladakh, including Mushkoh Valley, Dras, Kargil, Batalik, Chorbat La, and Turtuk, became the epicentres of a fierce battle between India and Pakistan. What began as a surprising discovery of armed intruders on the Indian side of the Line of Control (LOC) swiftly escalated into a full-blown military standoff. Initially mistaken for insurgents, these infiltrators were soon identified as regular soldiers of the Pakistan Army in disguise. The ensuing hostilities, fraught with the threat of nuclear escalation, lasted for eleven tense weeks. The limited war-like standoff finally drew to a close on July 26, 1999, when India thwarted the intruders and won the war. Now, 25 years later, as India marks the anniversary of its resolute campaign to defend its motherland, the nation pays tribute to the 527 martyrs and over 1,100 wounded. However, this anniversary also serves as a catalyst for a new national security paradigm, shaped by the lessons learned on the battlefield. Even before the dust had settled on the graves of Pakistani soldiers in the highest reaches of the Himalayas—soldiers whom the Pakistan Army and their Islamic Republic refused to acknowledge—New Delhi, under the leadership of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, planned a thorough investigation into the events leading up to and during the standoff. Within three days of the victory in Ladakh, the Indian government began “to examine the sequence of events and make recommendations for the future” by formally setting up the Kargil Review Committee (KRC). The committee, chaired by K. Subrahmanyam and including Lt. Gen. K.K. Hazari, B.G. Verghese, Satish Chandra, and National Security Advisor Brajesh Mishra, formally submitted is report on December 15, 1999, merely 5 months after a hard earned victory. Based on over a hundred interviews with senior military personnel, diplomats, intelligence officers, journalists, and politicians, the report offered recommendations on border management, civil–military liaison, counter-terrorist operations, defense budget and modernisation, LOC policy, nuclear policy, intelligence, media relations, the National Security Council, national security management, and technology. This year, in a speech delivered in Dras, Ladakh, during the 25th Kargil Vijay Diwas, Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the strategic importance of the Agnipath scheme, drawing from the lessons of the 1999 battles in Ladakh. The initiative aims to revitalise the army by reducing the average age of its personnel through a four-year enlistment of young recruits, thus infusing the force with fresh energy and technical skills. An approach recommended in the KRC, which advocated for maintaining a youthful and fit army. Yet, this marks only the beginning of a broader wave of strategic, technical, and policy shifts inspired by the KRC’s findings and recommendations, with some measures already in place and others still underway. As part of the KRC’s robust recommendations for reform and modernisation, the Indian military embarked on extensive structural changes. This led to the appointment of the first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), a position filled by General Bipin Rawat on December 24, 2019, under the PM Modi-led NDA government after two decades of deliberation. Aligned with the KRC recommendations, the Indian military underwent extensive modernisation and structural reforms. This included the creation of several tri-services organizations to enhance coordination and efficiency. Notably, the Integrated Defence Staff, Andaman and Nicobar Command, Nuclear Command Authority, Strategic Forces Command, and the Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare were established. Additionally, the Defence Technology Council and the Defence Acquisition Council were created to streamline technological advancements and procurement processes, reflecting the KRC’s emphasis on comprehensive technical reforms. Additionally, the Kargil Review Committee’s recommendations led to significant upgrades in border infrastructure and intelligence, addressing key issues revealed during the 1998-1999 Pakistani infiltration. Under National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, the establishment of the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) and the Joint Task Force on Intelligence (JTFI) enhanced coordination. New airstrips and advanced landing grounds were developed to counter potential threats from China and Pakistan, significantly improving border security and readiness. Enhancing military preparedness has been another critical area significantly improved by the KRC’s findings and recommendations. Under the leadership of PM Modi and the NDA government, the adoption of advanced technologies, such as Chinook helicopters and upgraded airstrips, has notably boosted rapid force deployment capabilities. These advancements ensure that the Indian military can respond swiftly and effectively to threats. The success of Uri surgical strikes, Balakot Air strikes and decisive responses to People’s liberation Army (PLA) aggression in regions like Galwan and Pangong Tso further highlight India’s heightened state of readiness and strategic agility, demonstrating a robust defense posture that aligns with the KRC’s vision for a more secure and responsive military framework. In a fast-evolving globalised world, challenges like the ongoing Ukraine conflict and the escalating threat from Communist Party of China (CPC) showcase the need for a robust, indigenous defense supply chain. This necessity was also highlighted in 1999 when the U.S. denied India’s request for GPS data during the 1999 Ladakh aggression by Pakistan, prompting India to develop its own GPS system, the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), an autonomous satellite navigation system that provides accurate position information services to users in India and the surrounding region, covering up to 1,500 kilometres beyond India’s borders. Learning from these lessons, the 2020 “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative was launched to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and foster self-sufficiency in defense production. This ambitious program aims to build a strong domestic defense manufacturing sector, ensuring India can independently meet its military needs. The initiative promotes research and development, encourages public-private partnerships, and incentivises domestic production of critical defense technologies and equipment. In the contemporary landscape, under PM Modi’s leadership, these measures reflect a broader strategic shift towards a more secure and resilient India, aligning with the foresight provided by the KRC report. The Indian government’s commitment to strengthening the nation’s defense capabilities is evident in various initiatives designed to

Business Education Technology

664

Seven Red Flags That Can Sour India’s Growth Story

By Balbir Punj The 2024-25 budget is a smart fusion of political stratagem, coalition compulsions and a slew of deft moves to accelerate economic growth to help realise PM Modi’s resolve to turn India into a developed nation by 2047. However, given the domestic constraints and dismal emerging global economic scenario, the NDA Government’s quest to make India a global financial powerhouse is fraught with serious challenges. The wars in Ukraine and Gaza have disturbed global supply lines and devastated the world markets a great deal. No wonder the latest forecast for global growth five years from now, at three per cent, is the lowest in decades. The rise of India would be hamstrung by a bleak international scene, for a vibrant Indian economy will need to increasingly engage with the rest of the world. The budget is undoubtedly an exercise to retrieve the political ground the BJP lost to the opposition in the last Lok Sabha polls. But it’s not populist or irresponsible. The underlying theme is fiscal prudence and consolidation. The promise to peg the fiscal deficit at 4.9 per cent of GDP in 2024-25 is a significant reduction from 5.6 per cent last year. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has also reiterated her resolve to reduce the deficit to below 4.5 per cent by next year. The misgivings about India emerging as a developed nation over two decades from now aren’t entirely misplaced. India faces some insurmountable challenges that are difficult to deal with, particularly with a fractured polity that has evolved post-2014. Outrageous toxic narratives – completely divorced from facts and reality – are banded about to derail the public discourse. ‘Caste-identity’ – a divisive signature tune – is the season’s flavour. What’s the basis for believing that Modi’s vision of a developed India is not just a pipe dream but something doable? His track record. During his previous two terms, Modi managed to break the mould. Defying the system, he ensured the delivery of benefits to ordinary people sans any leakage. Modi made available gas connections, foodgrains, toilets, housing, drinking water, and road connectivity to crores of Indians. As a result, poverty levels dropped drastically, and today, India is among the world’s fastest-growing large economies, with a GDP growth above eight per cent. But here is the proverbial catch. The aspirations of millions who have moved out of morasses of poverty have since outgrown what the state freebies can offer. This exploding phenomenon is full of unchartered challenges and unexplored opportunities for the country. The expectations of India’s young millions have soared to unprecedented levels. They now want access to a decent standard of living. But can India meet their aspirations? Seven red flags can hold the country back and sour its dreams. #Education and Jobs: Among the “real” challenges India faces, the Economic Survey (2023-24) has outlined the lack of jobs. According to the survey, the country must create an estimated 78.5 lakh jobs annually. The government has launched five schemes to fix the problem. It’s a patchwork solution and leaves the core of the problem untouched. The issue is not unemployment. It’s that of ‘unemployable’. Leaving aside some islands of world-class academic excellence, most organisations styling as educational institutions don’t dispense education or talent but degrees. The state-run educational system is broken. There is no serious effort to resurrect it. According to the 2023 Annual Survey of Education, almost a quarter of all youth (14-18 years) cannot fluently read a class 2 text in their regional language. Only 43% can solve simple division sums. There are millions of slots waiting for qualified candidates. India ranked seventh in a talent shortage, with 81 per cent of employers reporting difficulty finding a skilled workforce. The skill gap is estimated at 2-2.5 million. It’s difficult to miss the irony – millions of jobs are going abegging, and countless remain unemployed. Rising Trade Gap with China: India-China trade touched almost $118 billion, with India’s exports at only $16.67 billion, with a trade deficit of over $100. The Economic Survey has termed it a “challenge”, a “Chinese Conundrum”, and a problem sans a solution. There appears to be no escape from the fact that China would continue to be the overbearing trade partner, with sinister implications for India’s security. Bureaucracy: Rampant corruption and inefficiency have been India’s bane. To Modi’s credit, corruption is nearly extinct in the top echelons of politics and babudom at the centre. However, the twin evils of graft and sloth continue to gnaw at the system from within. The raging NEET controversy and the scandal involving Puja Khedkar, a probationary IAS officer (now under investigation), underline the unsavoury fact of the extent to which the rot has set in. No plans, however perfect they may be, can work till the delivery mechanism is fixed. Judicial Reforms: To repeat an adage, justice delayed is justice denied. These statistics speak for themselves. In 2024, the total number of pending cases of all types and at all levels stood at 5.1 crores, including over 180,000 court cases pending for more than 30 years in district and high courts. Agriculture: The growth in agri-GDP in 2023-24 (FY24) was just 1.4 per cent as per the latest provisional estimates. The second advance estimate was, in fact, only 0.7 per cent. This sector engages 45.8 per cent of the workforce. Most of those claiming to be ‘kisans’ are, in fact, victims of disguised unemployment. Giving 5 kg/per capita/month of free rice or wheat is a dole. Vested interests (read so-called farm protests of 2020-21) successfully sabotaged all efforts to introduce reforms in this sector. This large section of India’s population has to be partnered in the country’s success story. Distorted Narratives: Foreign-funded groups have been hijacking popular mandates using globally tested tool-kits by building narratives based on white lies, half-truths and twisted facts. The ‘toolkit’ was used during India’s CAA and farm law protests. Power Outage: Per capita electricity consumption in India jumped from 16 units in 1947 to 1327

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